The members were disbanded and then returned to Edo where they would later form the ShinchЕЌgumi ( ж–°еѕґзµ„) under the patronage of ShЕЌnai Domain.

When Kiyokawa's scheme was revealed in Kyoto, he immediately commanded the RЕЌshigumi to return to Edo. On March 26 ( lunar calendar February 8), 1863, Kiyokawa led the RЕЌshigumi out of Edo as the vanguard of Shogun Iemochi's procession to Kyoto, which they arrived on April 10 (lunar calendar February 23), 1863. :вЂЉ186ДЄlthough the RЕЌshigumi was funded by the Tokugawa bakufu, the leader Kiyokawa HachirЕЌ and others had strong loyalties to the emperor and planned to gather other rЕЌnin in Kyoto to police the city from insurgents. Tokugawa Iemochi, the head of the military government, the Bakufu, had been invited to discuss how Japan should enact the recent imperial edict calling for the expulsion of foreigners. :вЂЉ65 There had not been such a meeting since the third shЕЌgun of the Tokugawa Bakufu, Tokugawa Iemitsu, had visited Kyoto in the 17th century. The RЕЌshigumi's mission was to protect Tokugawa Iemochi, the 14th shЕЌgun, during an important trip to Kyoto to meet with the Emperor KЕЌmei. The squad's nominal commander was the hatamoto Matsudaira Katamori, and their leader was Kiyokawa HachirЕЌ, a rЕЌnin from ShЕЌnai Domain. The RЕЌshigumi was a squad of 234 rЕЌnin ( samurai without masters) drawn from the sword schools of Edo.

In response, the Tokugawa shogunate formed the RЕЌshigumi ( жµЄеЈ«зµ„, meaning 'the rЕЌnin squad') on October 19, 1862. Loyalists (particularly in ChЕЌshЕ« Domain) in Kyoto began to rebel. One long-standing line of political opinion was sonnЕЌ jЕЌi (meaning, 'revere the emperor, expel the barbarians'). Japan's forced opening to the west in 1854, which required it to open its shores for trade or face military conflict, exacerbated internal political instability.

Gintama shinsengumi